Four previously undescribed compounds, including three rarely occurring seco-dammarane\ntriterpenoid glycosides and a pentacyclic triterpenic acid, were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of\nthe leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Juglandaceae), along with eleven known triterpenoids. Their structures\nwere determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 2D NMR and HRESIMS, as well as chemical\nmethods. Among them, several triterpenoids enhanced insulin stimulated glucose uptake in both\n3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, compound 1 dose-dependently increased\nglucose uptake through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-p38 pathway. Collectively,\ntriterpenoids from C. paliurus could be developed as insulin sensitizers, which might have therapeutic\npotential for insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
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